E

Eco centrism
Focuses on the environment as the central point to the development of value systems as opposed to anthropocentrism which focuses on the human and the instrumental value of nature. See also Bio centric.
Ecologically sustainable development
Using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased (Ecologically Sustainable Development Working Groups, 1991).
Ecologically sustainable tourismAn activity that fosters environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation and conservation.
EcosystemA dynamic complex of plant, animal, fungal and micro-organism communities and the associated non-living environment interacting as an ecological unit.
Ecotourism
There is no general definition currently in circulation but any conception of it must involve travel to relatively undisturbed or uncontaminated natural areas with the objective of studying, admiring and enjoying the natural environment of that area. An important point is that the person who  practices ecotourism has the opportunity of immersing him or herself in nature in a way that most people cannot enjoy in their routine, urban existences.
        As there is no strict consensus on a specific definition of ecotourism it had been suggested that it also is responsible travel that conserves natural environments and sustains the well-being of local people.
Endangered species
Fauna and flora likely to become extinct due to direct exploitation by humans, intrusion into highly specialized habitats, threats from other species, interruption of the food chain, pollution or a combination of such factors.
Endemic tourism
Broadly defined as tourism which recognizes that each individual locality or community has its special character, and that particular character or identity may well constitute its major attractiveness to tourists.
EnvironmentAll aspects of the surroundings of human beings as individuals or in social groups (Commonwealth Environmental Protection [OP] Amendment no. 12, 1967).
Environmental economics
A recognized field of specialization in economic science. Environmental economics examines the costs and benefits of pollution control, and protection of the environment.
Environmental education
A concept ranging from media coverage of environmental issues to formal environmental education, its aims ranging from raising awareness to formal training.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
A method of analysis which attempts to predict the likely repercussions of a proposed major development upon the social and physical environment of the surrounding area.
EnvironmentalistsPeople who are primarily concerned with preventing pollution and degradation of the air, water and soil. See Conservationists.
Ethic of ‘Nature’Holds that non-human entities are of equal value with the human species. It is broadly intrinsic and eco centric.  
Ethic of ‘Use’
This is the normative or dominant mode of how human beings relate to nature: where nature is viewed predominantly as a set of resources which humanity is free to employ for its own distinct ends. It is an instrumental and anthropocentric view.
EthicsWhat we believe to be right or wrong behaviour